نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 17 (تابستان 1392)

The aim of this study was to assess the proportionality of sport books to beneficiaries'' expectations and the role of marketing mix elements in marketing of these books. This research was a descriptive and field survey. Three researcher-made questionnaires with confirmed validity and reliability were used to collect the data. The research hypotheses were examined by independent t test. The statistical population consisted of 15 publishers، 25 book sellers and an unlimited number of customers of sport books who visited sport book pavilion of the book exhibition. As the population of publishers and sellers of sport books was limited، all of them were considered as the sample while as the number of customers who visited the sport book pavilion in the book exhibition was not exact، their sample size was determined as 384 subjects according to Morgan sampling table. The questionnaires were distributed among them and 274 questionnaires were returned to be used. Results showed that publishers believed that sport books had high quality in contrast to customers and sellers. Customers believed that the quality of these books were low. Sellers mentioned that sport books had higher quality when compared to the customers. Customers were not satisfied with the quality of the books. Publishers believed that the design and specificity of the books were suitable in contrast to customers and book sellers. Also، among five elements of marketing mix، the element of product، public relations and price were rated as the most important elements in sport book marketing from the viewpoints of beneficiaries.

The aim of this paper was to identify the strengths، weaknesses، opportunities and threats of talent identification in championship sport of I. R. Iran and to examine its bottlenecks and challenges. For data collection، the documents and related literature were reviewed، council meetings were held and a researcher-made questionnaire and SWOT analysis were used. 256 subjects including 13 managers and members of executive board of National Olympic Committee، 5 managers of National Olympic and Para-Olympic Academy، 9 managers from championships، 9 experts from talent identification center of Physical Education Organization، 52 heads of sport federations، 30 managers and heads of championship and talent identification centers of provinces، 52 national team coaches، 20 elites and 86 members of faculties who were expert in championship sport were selected as the sample of the study. Using Delphi method، council meetings and several stages of strategic analysis، 4 strengths، 13 weaknesses، 4 opportunities and 7 threats were identified and ranked based on Friedman statistical test. In addition، the results showed that talent identification faced with bottlenecks and challenges including the sport managers and authorities'' attitudes towards school sport as the basis of championship، the activity of championship sport institutes and talent identification centers، the participation of public section in talent identification of championship sport، the activity of sport clubs to grow talent، the effect of political issues on the function of organizations and institutions responsible for talent identification، lack of a comprehensive system to support elite athletes and coaches، lack of competency to determine sport managers and coaches، lack of an integrated، administrative and structured plan in talent identification of the economic status of the talented families، limitations on women’s sport، facilities and proper equipment for talent identification and sport polarization in different areas of the country. It is recommended to develop a proper strategic program، to select proper solutions in order to use strengths and opportunities، to eliminate weaknesses and threats and to help to reduce the effects of some of these bottlenecks and challenges on the function of talent identification in championship sport.

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between information technology and knowledge management in sports federations. The research method was correlation and survey. The statistical population included all sport federations and the sample consisted of 12 federations (7 individual federations and 5 team federations). Out of 378 employees from the selected sport federations، 191 employees were selected as the sample by random sampling proportional method. Fathi (1389) information technology questionnaire and Askari (1384) knowledge management questionnaire were used to collect data. Their reliability was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as r=0. 85، r=0. 79 respectively. Descriptive statistics was used to rank data and draw tables and graphs and inferential methods (K-S test، Pearson correlation coefficient، one–way analysis of variance and multivariate regression analysis) were used to examine research hypotheses. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between information technology and knowledge management components in the selected sports federations. The result of multivariate regression analysis showed that components of information technology were significant predictors of knowledge management. It seems that to equip sports federations with modern technologies and to provide facilities for employees to work with them can facilitate the flow of knowledge in various parts of organizations.

This study aimed to investigate the extent and manner of leisure time of students who were accepted in University entrance exam by highest grades and those who were not accepted in Yazd province and the role of sport in their leisure time. 132 male and female students who were accepted in university entrance exam by highest grades (under 1000) and 121 male and female students who were not accepted completed a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi Square، U Mann–Whitney and Friedman tests) were used to analyze data. The results showed that students accepted in university entrance exam by highest grades had 2–3 hours of leisure time every day while those who were not accepted had over 3 hours of leisure time. The accepted students spent their leisure time on watching TV، exercise and chatting with friends and family respectively while those who were not accepted spent their leisure time on non-educational studies، watching TV and listening to music respectively. Physical activity occupied the second place for the accepted students and the fourth place for the students who were not accepted. Therefore، there was a significant difference in the manner of leisure time and physical activity in their leisure time between accepted students and those who were not accepted.

The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare customers'' loyalty in private and public sport clubs of Tehran with a descriptive survey and field method. The statistical population of the study included customers of sport clubs in Tehran who had participated in sport activities for at least 6 months. Based on cluster sampling method، 4 regions out of 22 regions from Tehran were randomly selected; then، 10 private clubs and 10 public clubs from these regions were selected; then، 200 subjects from each club were randomly selected. A researcher–made questionnaire with 0. 88 reliability was used to collect data. 400 questionnaires were distributed among the subjects and finally 386 questionnaires were collected. Data were analyzed with factor analysis and independent sample t test. The results showed no significant difference in brand selection، change costs، satisfaction and loyalty from customers'' viewpoint (P>0. 05)، but a significant difference was observed in service quality between private and public sport clubs (P˂0. 05). It can be concluded that the most important factor in customers'' loyalty was service quality.

This paper aimed to investigate the relationship between components of social capital (security، trust، social norms، social networks and participation in social activities) and physical activity participation among the adolescent students in Yazd city. The statistical population of the study included adolescent students (14-17 years old) from Yazd city. 382 adolescents were randomly selected through multistage cluster sampling. Data are gathered by social capital and physical activity participation questionnaires. Results of multivariate regression analysis showed that for boys، the components of social networks and security explained the greatest amount of variance of participation in physical activity while for girls، component of social networks explained the greatest amount of variance of participation in physical activity. Generally، the findings showed that boys who were more interested in social participation pay more attention to physical activities in comparison with female students.

The aim of this research was to study those economic barriers influencing foreign investment attraction in Iran football industry. The statistical population consisted of all managers and board of directors of the clubs of the premier league، board of directors of football federation and former directors of football (n=240). 148 subjects were selected as the sample by Morgan table and completed a researcher–made (using Delphi method in a pilot study) questionnaire which consisted of 63 items. The validity of the questionnaire was approved by 14 professionals. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined as 0. 885 by Cronbach alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed with Kolmogorov–Smirnov test، Pearson correlation coefficient and factor analysis. Results showed a positive and significant relationship between economic factor and foreign investment attraction in Iran football industry. Based on the calculated loading factor، among those factors influencing the improvement of the current situation، privatization and attendance at stock exchange had the highest loading factors. Based on research findings، these barriers could be divided into three general categories: the first group included those barriers rooted in economic structure of the country; the second group consisted of those barriers rooted in the structure of Iran sport industry and the third group consisted of those rooted in the structure of football institutions.

The aim of this research was to design and codify a development strategy for sport for all in Kerman province. The statistical sample of this research consisted of 30 physical education professors of higher education institutes، physical education managers of academic board in Sciences، Research and Technology Ministry، physical education managers and experts، managers of sport clubs participating in the premier league and sport management M. A. students with sport activity experience (22 men and 8 women). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data; its validity was approved by experienced professors and its reliability was verified by Cronbach alpha coefficient α=91%). The questionnaire included 47 ranked questions about strengths، weaknesses، opportunities and threats of sport for all in Kerman province. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Friedman test. After the analysis of strengths، weaknesses، opportunities and threats and the formation of evaluation matrix of all internal and external factors of sport for all in Kerman province، it was observed that physical education general office of Kerman province was located in WT area in sport for all and this office had to use offensive strategy. Finally، based on strategic analyses، the strategic plan of physical education general office in Kerman province was developed and its subject were vision statement، mission، long–term objectives، strategy and action plans for sport for all in Kerman province.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between leadership styles of coaches and satisfaction of Iranian elite judo players which was carried out by a descriptive – correlation field method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all 162 judo players of premier league in Iran. Statistical sample consisted of 125 judo players based on Morgan sample size table. In order to collect data، demographic questionnaire، Leadership Scale for Sport (α=0. 95) and athletes'' satisfaction questionnaire (α=0. 94) were used. Descriptive methods were used to analyze the data and in order to determine the relationship، a multivariate regression was used. Data analysis showed a significant relationship between the leadership styles of coaches and the players'' satisfaction (P<0. 05). Also، the findings showed a significant positive relationship between democratic leadership style and the athletes'' satisfaction (P<0. 05). But، there was no significant relationship between leadership styles of social support، training and instruction positive feedback and authoritarian on the one hand and the satisfaction of the players on the other hand (P˂0. 05). Generally، leadership styles of coaches were important predictors of athletes'' satisfaction. Hence، it can be stated that coaches can play an important role in forming the athletes'' satisfaction.

The aim of the present research was to compare the performance evaluation indicators of club coaches from experts، athletes and coaches'' viewpoints. The statistical population included all physical education experts of Guilan province، heads، deputy heads and secretaries of physical education boards، athletes and coaches from Rasht city (n=470) and 345 subjects (73. 4%) participated in the research. The questionnaire designed by Mclean and Zakrajsek (1996) which included 56 items and 6 dimensions was used to collect data and the content and face validity was confirmed by 20 university experts and the internal consistency of was calculated by Cronbach''s alpha (α=0. 75). Exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze data. Factor analysis result showed that coaches'' performance evaluation indicators could be divided into 8 factors with eigenvalue>1: task and technical behaviors، athletes’ growth and instruction، coaches’ personal performance، public relations، fanatical affairs، team performance، team maintenance and team recognition and management. Also، from the participants’ viewpoints، task and technical behaviors (4. 57±0. 39)، athletes’ growth and instruction (4. 48±0. 42) and coaches’ personal and technical performance (4. 44±1. 27) were the most important evaluation dimensions of coaches’ performance. In addition، the priority of task and technical behaviors، athletes'' growth and instruction and public relations among the three groups (athletes، coaches and experts) was significant (P≤0. 05). Generally، organizations and sport coaches can use all these indicators to evaluate coaches.